The Social Security Administration’s Windfall Elimination Provision

This is a guest post by Tanesha Morgan, writer for Personal Finance Analyst. Personal Finance Analyst is an online community of bloggers dedicated to taking the mystery out of money and helping you to live a happier, more successful life with the money you have.

The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) has been around since the Regan Administration, but most people never learn about this provision until it is too late.  The WEP is a provision in the Social Security law that serves to prevent retirees from getting a “windfall” of money from the federal government.  I’ll get back to the term windfall in a moment.  But first… how does this provision work?

The formula used to calculate a person’s social security benefit is based of several factors, but I’ll try to use a simplified scenario.  If a person paid social security taxes for 25 years, then he may be eligible for 90% of his average monthly earning.  However, if that person is subject to the WEP, he’d only be eligible for 40% of his benefits.

Who is Usually Affected by This Provision?

Generally, people who have made career changes will be affected… if that change involves moving from a social security covered position to a non social security covered position.

For example a teacher … public school teachers in many states contribute to a state or local government retirement system and are exempt from paying social security taxes.  But if after 20 years (which is long enough to be eligible for the state or local government retirement benefit), our teacher may decide that he wants a career change.

He moves on to a position which is covered Social Security.  If he stays in that position for about 10 years, then he is eligible for Social Security benefits.

Fast forward to our teacher’s 62nd birthday… he goes down to the Social Security office to apply for his Social Security benefits.  The worker figures out his benefit and then informs him that that benefit is going to be reduced nearly 50% because he is already receiving a retirement pension from another government.

This reduction prevents our teacher from getting a “windfall” of money from the government.  Windfall… I really have an issue with that term.  So instead of him being about to buy 2 loaves of bread with his social security check, he can only buy 2 slices.  **shaking my head**… Windfall?!? Give me a break!

I think this WEP is completely unfair.  If a person has worked long and hard enough to be eligible for two government pensions… then why should he be punished?  He earned the pension… so give it to him.  Two government pension checks do not equate to a windfall… no matter how you add it up.

For those non-Social Security covered state and local government employees, the WEP acts an inhibitor… preventing them from moving into private sector jobs.

Well, I suppose it only inhibits those who are aware.  Most people are not even aware that this provision exists.   Many first learn about it when they apply for their Social Security benefits… which by this time is too late because they have not planned for this benefit reduction.

Just about every year, one or two bills are proposed to Congress that would repeal this WEP… but every year it is either not heard or voted down.

The WEP has been in law more than 20 years, so chances are it will not disappear.  Therefore I thought it was important to alert my fellow financially conscious friends that this provision exists.  Hopefully, you aren’t depending on Social Security to take care of you during retirement, but in case you are… plan ahead and beware of this provision.


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Filed Under: Odds and Ends

About the Author: Jeremy Vohwinkle is a Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor® and spent a few years working as a financial planner. Today, he helps people make the most of their money by writing about personal finance here and About.com. Jeremy is also Coach at Adaptu and a regular contributor for other publications such as Intuit, and American Express. Be sure to follow Jeremy on Twitter or Google+.

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I was a firefighter for over 25 years. In addition to that I have worked for 48 years on other jobs paying into social security. Because I worked an average of 70 hours a week for 42 years I am losing half of my social security because of WEP. Reagan keeps on hosing me even after he is gone.

So how do we overturn it?

The so-called windfall for teachers is a cruel joke. President Reagan was no intellectual, nor saint, nor prophet; however, with this provision he sent back the teaching civil service into a tailspin that has not recovered, nor will recover anytime soon--and hopeful Obama is no help either. He still can't find his flashlight.

Look in to your Congress and Senators to find out which ones are pro WEP and GPO and rally to defeat them when its election time.

The problem is that they mostly all say they are in favor, but then the bill is presented and stays at point one and never goes anywhere. So, they can say they favor eliminating it but without risking anything since they then take no action.

this is so unfair! both myself and my husband are affected. friend said he was "grandfathered" and does receive both???? what year is that??? thank you.

Check again, you will probably loose 60% of your US social security. Calculate how much money you would take in during the interim, by way of each of the alternatives. By deferring, would you recuperate what you didn't take in, that is, delay it? Or would it be forfeited? I have no possibility like this in the Italian pension system. Lucky you.

I have been drawing a pension from the UK since I was 60yrs old. I am now eligible for SS from the US (Where I worked for 25 yrs) I have just applied and have been told that I will lose 50%. Unfortunatly I can't draw on my ex husbands SS because my contributions are just over 50% of his. I have just found out that I can defer my UK pension and add around 10.04% for every year that I do so, or I have the option to take a lump sum any time after 12 months which will earn 2% over the bank rate. I think this is a better deal than leaving the US pension until I'm 70 and, until I draw my uk pension again I won't be subject to the WEP

It is estimated that the United States is going to spend over 4 Trillion Dollars on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan - and that doesn't include the cost of rebuilding those rat-hole countries. Meanwhile, the government says it can't afford to pay Earned Social Security Benefits to seniors effected by WEP & GPO because it would cost 62 Billion Dollars over a ten year period. What is wrong with this country?

I worked for the government for 20 years and I paid a FULL share into their MANDATORY retirement system. I ALSO worked for 20 years and paid a FULL SHARE into the MANDATORY social security system. I AM ENTITLED to a FULL SHARE of MY rightfully earned social security benefits!!! All of you affected by this VERY UNFAIR provision should start speaking up NOW to your congressmen and senators. Someone out there should start a CLASS ACTION SUIT for those of us being SCREWED!!

I totally agree. Just found out I'm screwed out of my own Social Security money, due to my survivors civil service annuity. How am I suppose to live on just that for the next 20-30 years, especially since it just went down $40/mo. $8. was increase in hospitalization insurance...the rest...taxes.

I have some good news....I AM getting social security....in fact, I could have been drawing since age 60 on my late husband record. His was only around $350, but mine will be in the high $600's. Never trust what you are told on the phone. I will pinch myself, until the first check hits my bank account in July. At 66 I will switch to my own social security benefit.

WEP appears to only impact government retirees. Rail Road retirees were not required to pay into SS either. However,it appears there is no penalty on their SS annuity if they have one in addition to their RR retirement. WEP discriminates againist government imployees only. Money paid into the civil service retirement system was a "retirement fund" and technically payments were/are supported by that fund and are NOT from the Federal Treasury. This fund is only administered by the Federal Government.

Not so, I worked in the private area both in the US and in Italy and they applied the WEP to me.

The WEP Law is so unfair. I've worked for 43 years in three different countries (the UK, Canada and the USA, having mandatory social security taxes taken from each pay check in each country. I now get social security retirement benefits from all three countries, based on my years of work in each country. The only country who penalizes me for receiving a pension from the others is the USA under the WEP provision. The amount the US Social Security Administration stated I would be entitled to upon retirement based on my earnings (and social security taxes taken from each paycheck) was $319/month (based on 10 years or 40 quarters). This was reduced to $141/month because of the WEP provision. My other two pensions help, but certainly would not allow me to live the high life. And, yes, I did also save privately for my retirement thank God. The point is how can the US penalize me for earnings in other countries on which I paid that country's social security taxes? I wasn't even a US Citizen at the time. I don't think this law makes any sense and I hate the implication that the benefits I have earned by paying taxes is a "windfall" of any kind. I submitted a Request for Reconsideration with my reasons and, after 8 months received a reply stating that "our first decision was correct." I've since discovered - not from Social Security - that, apparently even though I worked 10 years in the US and earned retirement benefits, if I did not work a total of 30 years in the US, then WEP will still be applied. I rather like the suggestion of a class action suite.

Agreed. How does one start a class action suit?

Helen:

Go to www.fedbens.us and click on #8. You will find it is an excellent explanation of, and calculator for, the Windfall Elimination Provision.
WEP provides for "small" govt pensions by being limited to one half the govt. pension. For example, if your WEP reduction would ordinarily be, say, $345, but your govt pension is only $500, the WEP reduction will be held to just $250.
Maybe it is not as bad as you think. Good luck.

I am outraged. I am 61 years old, planning retirment in the coming years. When I do retire, I will have worked for the state for maybe 15 years. This will give me a SMALL govt. pension. What is killing me is all of my life (since age 16) I have paid into social security. I worked as a professional, but low salary jobs for most of it. So, now when I retire, my SS will be cut simply because the last working years were for govt. This is a horrible outrage.! People in the private sector who get a privat pension from a company, and then go nto public service, don't have any cuts in pensions.....why am I punished for serving my entire years for the public??
(teaching, human services, educational counseling). This HAS TO CHANGE to be fair. Helen G.

Is it possible to sue the Federal Government for stealing our SS retirement? I think we should organize and see if we can take this to the Supreme Court if necessary. Do you think we could create a 'class action suit'?

I don't have any faith in our so called leaders to repeal this unfair law. It has been dragging on too long and the repeals just stay in committee because they don't intend to get them out of committee and vote on them. As long as it doesn't cost them any of theirs they think it is okay to take ours.

So we need to try something else and bypass them. If you have any new ideas I would appreciate your comments.

Leta, I have just found out that my retirement benefits from my time working in the UK will be taxed (US ss benefit reduced) at over 50%. Again, as is repeatedly stated on here, this to me is stealing. I am so sorry that I have honest with my taxes over the years. If I'd known they were going to steal from me, I have cheated as much as possible.

I do not think the politicians here in the US will do anything about this injustice; there are too few of us and we are scattered throughout the country, so there are no votes in it for them.

I too am interested in looking at a possible class action suit, so please reply if you are serious. I would also like to appeal to people in a like position to me to do similarly.

If there are any European ex-pats on here, they should be looking at pursuing this through the European Courts, where there also might be the possibility of legal aid. At worst they might threaten to retaliate against US citizens living in Europe and that might grab the attention of the Press.

I can just see the European headlines:
US Government Steals Pensions From European Retirees!

I am on with you. If you need more details please e-mail me directly ?

I'm interested in a class action suit!!

Do you really think the European courts would interfere with american social security? I have my doubts. If it were the other way around, that is, they were cutting the European pensions, they might. What do you think?

Larry, have you gotten anywhere with starting a class action?

If aperson pays into SS why should they be penalized because they also worked a job that had a private pension fund, The money that a person paid into SS should not be denied!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! it is theirs!!!!!!! Please some one out there please reintroduce the elimination of this unfair practice !!!!!!!!

Dave H., it is not as bad as it seems. The 90% vs. 40% does not - repeat NOT - refer to your whole earned benefit. It refers to just the first tier, with the second and third tiers unaffected.

A good explanation, and a good calculator, are at my web site: fedbens.us (click #8 on the menu).

They told me on the phone today that I get NOTHING from my social security. I have an appt. with the local office next month to find out for sure.

I know they screwed my late husband out of most of his.

Well, I do get Social Security after all. In fact, I lost 2 years I could have drawn on my deceased husband. His Social Security was cut, but I do get 1/2 of the orig. amount now. I will not get the 2 years I lost.
Do NOT believe what anyone tells you on the phone.

Tell me why I was told on the phone that I would get zero of my social security, due to my civil service survivors annuity? Is this true?

Fine, but what if your first tier happens to be your only tier?

I've paid into SS for over 20 years, both before and after working in a government non-SS taxed career. At 20 years, twice the required time for SS qualification/vesting, I can draw a whopping 40% of my earned benefit. If I work for 30 years, THREE TIMES the required minimum for benefits, I still can only max out at 90% of my earned, I say EARNED, beneft. The clarification in CAPS is for you boneheads out there who still don't get the part where the "guvment" TOOK my SS money and kept it, returning 40% of a benefit I PAID for. It was a clar case of robbing form a small body of people, relatively speaking, and spending it where "they" wanted. Why should they care? too few votes to matter......that is why this country was based on a Republic, not a Democracy. Whne 6 out of 10 people vote to steal form the minority 4..........get my drift?

"pays to live green" said "GovEmployee" makes a good point that they are not actually paying into social security so why would you receive the full benefits? But they both neglected (either un-intentionally or on purpose)to mention that most of the people complaining are those who paid into the Social Security System for 10 to 15 years! They are receiving only 40% of the benefit they paid for!
Everyone likes to forget that Social Security is supplemental payment, not a retirement. It was always intended that a retiree have other sources of income. I had savings, PERS, and Social Security. This is exactly what Social Security was intended for. They actually described it like the "three legged bar stool". I f you remove any one leg the retirement plan would be difficult. For me they took most of the third leg away, so they could have that money for all those whinney Democrats who wish to provide for all those residents who never had a job, don't want a job, and expect free health care because they are "entitled" to everything for free.

Considering the vulgarity - screwed and blue is overpaid.

Barry Democrats passed the law and refuse to repeal not the Republicans.

To all the do gooders who say people want their cake and eat it too: Anyone else in this country can draw their pension(s) from their private employers and get their full social security checks!
In fact Ronald Reagan (the man who signed this discriminatory law into being) got his full Social Security, State of California, Federal Pension, Screen Actors Guild Pension, etc... (Nacncy continues to draw these to this day).
Typical Republican bullshit!

I forgot to mention, that if they had some kind of warning for people like me about this, I would have paid into US SS to get the additional credits necessary to not be affected by WEP. But they don't want you to know so they can hit you over the head when it is too late and keep half of the benefits you worked for and are entitled to, and thus enrich themselves with higher salaries and pork barrel projects for their cronies. I'd like to see one of those crooks in Washington try and live on the pittance they have reduced me to. Fuck em all is what I say.

It beats me Ray. That's what they've done to me when in fact the bi-lateral treaty they have signed with the European country I live in has stipulations that make it so you don't have to pay double taxes, i.e. be taxed on your income over here in the U.S. unless it is over $80,000, and you don't have to pay SSI tax in both places. Ostensibly the idea of the treaty and certainly the implication or message it sends is that your SS payments here are all you need to get your SS benefits in the U.S. In fact they are supposed to combine the two and give you one payout in either country depending on which you live in, the USA or the foreign country. But there is an inexplicable catch---if you have enough credits to get the minimun benefit in the US and the minimum pension here, then you can't combine the credits and have to collect each payment separately. It is this separate payment of my pension here that suddenly makes my practically minimum pension here a "windfall" which they have reduced by half. Goddamn them, because I am just scraping by, and if it weren't for the fact that my wife is from here, younger than me, and still working, I would be living under a bridge or a flophouse what with the cost off living here and the economic crisis. Windfall my ass!! Fucking Crooks!!

I also worked at the beginning of my work career in the USA and contributed to SS. I then moved to Italy where I worked or a private firm and had to choose between contributions to the US or Italy for SS. I chose Italy, just because of the bureauocracy here. When I went to claim my US SS, two years after I claimed my Italian pension, I also was told about the WEP, and they took off 60% of my US pension. I tried appealing and of course was denied. So I have a minimal pension from Italy, and a US SS pension so low I almost have to pay them. I also have a combined history of substantial earnings for 29 years, which do not count because they only want the US contributions. Last year I saw a proposal to modify the WEP which would apply only to those earning combined pensions of over $2500. Which seems fair. At the moment it hits those who have the lowest incomes. How can this be modified or eliminated??

I don't know what country you are in, but also in Italy where I worked there is a bi-lateral treaty so you pay taxes only to one of the countries. The treaty states it's purpose is to protect the rights of those who work at some time in both Italy and USA. As far as I can understand, the fact that I didn't pay double-taxes means I benefited from the treaty. Somewhere along the way instead the rules were refined so that Social Security says you benefited only if you borrowed work credits from one or the other to qualify for a pension. When did this strict interpretation come in, and when did it become the only qualifying factor for the WEP?

Why should a person be penalized by WEP if he or she works for a private company in the USA and in a foreign country.Dosen't that individual pay funds into social security and a private pension in a foreign country.That individual has paid into a system where taxes are deducted and calculated for the correct amount one will receive when retired. Particularly in Europe, it is based on a contribution basis. Why should social security become involved where he has no right. Is the US system based on charity or based on what one has put into the system. Why should they think they have the right to interfere in the rights of individuals because they've lived in a foreign country.Perhaps it's time we look more closely into what are legislators are earning instead of robbing the poor. No one is looking for a handout. We are all trying to survive an already difficult economy. Every cent we earn is needed to survive with dignity.

RE: Jim Haskins

First, did you know that for military service prior to 1977 or so, Social Security is required to give you additional earnings credits? It really makes a difference - for me, the extra credits gave me $100 more per month.
Second, did you know there is a truly excellent software calculator for the WEP, at www.fedbens.us ?

Good luck!

As a public school teacher I'm subject to WEP. In calculating my "substantial earnings" according to SSA I found that I was $400.00 short for 1966. Here's the rub, for all of 1966 I was in the Army having been drafted in 1965. Part of 1966 I was in Vietnam. SSA is telling me that the Army did not pay me enough in 1966 to count towards my SS benefit. That one year makes a 5% difference. Totally unfair!

Can any one throw some light on working in a different country like Canada. I worked in Canada until 1997. I moved to the U S in 1997 and became a citzen in 2007. I have been receiving pensions from Canadian Govt. for which I paid my taxes in canada. I am also including that amount in Tax return for the U S. I applied for my SSA benefit from the U S and they are considering my Canadian pensions as windfall income and cut down my benefit. My question is I was in Canada long before I moved to the U S. I was not evena Green card holder of U S.

I feel that the rule is being applied to me unjustly. Is there any way I can appeal and get this reverted.

Thanks,
Narendra Utukuri

I worked for my father from the time I was 12 years old. He was a great believer in social security. He put in maximum social security for me and my brothers even though at that time we did not need to because our wages were not that much. As a young adult I worked 16 years as a truck driver. I injured my back and at age 33 I was 100% disabled and never able to return to my job. The disability gave me 200.00 a month for about a year until I was able to walk on my own. At this time I decided to go back to school to become a teacher. I asked Social Security if they could help with my books and tuition. The person that was over my case literally laughed in my face and stated I had too much in savings and too much invested in my home to qualify for SSDI. He stated if I had worked my same job for that length of time and misspent my monies then and I had no savings then SSDI would have been able to help me. My wife and I struggled and I competed my college with a teaching credential. I worked for 23 years as a teacher and retired only to find out that I would be unable to collect my full social security. I could have went to worked for other companies who had their own retirement and been able to collect a full SSI and the companies retirement. If I would have been informed before I became a teacher of the later consequences I would have chosen a different field. I do want to state I am not dependent on SSI. I don't care what your retirement status is but rather I feel everyone who has contributed to SSI should be reimbursed for what they contributed. An injustice has been done not only to me but many others including those who are currently paying in to SSI with no real faith that they will ever receive anything for their monies.

If we have to have WEP, then at least we should also have really good software for figuring out exactly how much the WEP reduction is - the Social Security site does NOT have such a tool.

Check out fedbens.us - you will find it is friendly, helpful, and 100% accurate.

I recently read that Congress was working on appealing the WEP provision. I would like an update on just what progress is being made on repealing this provision.

Two issues: 1st, it is my understanding that when the congress at that time, in 1986, passed the WEC, they exempted themselves from the provision. 2nd, there are numerous spouses who never paid a dime into the SS system, generally immigrants because they married a US citizen, who can collect 1/2 of their deceased spouse's intitlement. Maybe I just do not get it. I worked 43 quarters before taking a federal government position. Because it was a covered position, law enforcement, I was forced to retire at the age of 57. Yes, with a government pension that I and other federal government employees enjoy, yet we also contributed to this retirement plan. Now that I no longer can work for the agency because of the forced retirement, I have to pay fully into the SS system, if I choose to work, and will receive about 60% of what I would normally be intitled to if I was not subject to the WEC.

I as a civil service employee would like to see that WEP lifted for the simple reason that i worked and paid into social security. my salary will be cut almost in half. I have to help my mom, who is 84 years old and it is rough the way the economy is now. I feel like,i am entitled to my social security also.

Did any of you whiners put any money away in regular savings aside from pensions, etc. I sure as hell have. I'm 55 and I'm not worrying about a thing with the house paid off long ago and all. My wife is still working, getting a salary, and drawing a pension from the state. Regular bank account savings on a consistent level, supplementing your iras and pensions is the key.

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